城乡结合部功能定位与规划管理国际经验

Function, Planning and Administration of Rural-Urban Fringe: International Experience Discussion

20世纪早期,西方国家的大型城市周边开始出现具有城乡过渡特征的结合部地区,并逐渐引起了多学科研究者的关注。通过大量综述研究,本文得出以下结论。受规模、性质以及规划控制等因素的影响,不同的国家与地区,城乡结合部表现出的特征略有差异,但在动态变化性强、景观与经济活动等较为混杂,以及空间结构较为松散等方面共性显著。郊区化、城市功能外溢、土地市场分配机制与土地所有者行为机制等对城乡结合部的形成与演化起到较重要的作用。城乡结合部在城乡和区域发展中承担的功能,以及在经济、生态、美学、历史等领域表现出的多功能性得到广泛认识。西方国家对城乡结合部规划与管理方面一直比较重视,但经历了不断更新与提升的过程。现阶段,综合性更强的空间规划逐渐代替了起初单纯的土地利用模式控制,而且更加突出多功能性与协调作用的影响,多方利益主体参与到城乡结合部发展的规划与管理工作之中,景观管理、农业多功能规划等理论与实践值得借鉴。

In the early 20th century, at the edge of some large cities of western countries, a kind of transitional region between urban and rural areas emerged, which aroused widely attention of many subjects, and the enthusiasm of studying has kept till now. In different countries, the characteristics of rural-urban fringe are not just the same because of the difference of scale, property, planning and administration. However, the dynamic change, landscape disorder and incompact structure are the common characters. Suburbanization, the overfall urban function, together with the effect of market force and personal behavior on land use have great contribution on the formation and development of rural-urban fringe. The multi-functions of rural-urban fringe in the field of economy, ecology, aesthetics, community and history, as well as its important effect on city, village and the whole region are well recognized. The ideas of planning and administration of rural-urban fringe have been changing and improving. Now, spatial planning which is more compositive replaces the incipient control of land use, and the multi-functions of the area received more concerns. More and more interest groups take part in the planning and management of rural-urban fringe.