移植操作胁迫对天鹅湖大叶藻存活、生长及光合色素含量的影响

Influence of Transplanting Stress on the Survival,Growth and Photosynthetic Pigment Content of Eelgrass(Zostera marina L.)in Swan Lake,Rongcheng,Shandong

2009年4月利用植株枚订移植法在山东荣成天鹅湖海域开展大叶藻植株移植，于5～10月监测移植大叶藻植株的存活率，并逐月采集自然和移植大叶藻植株，比较了植株生长、叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量的变化，分析了移植操作胁迫对大叶藻存活、生长、叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量的影响。结果显示，移植后1～2个月，移植植株的平均成活率较高，至移植后4个月，平均成活率降至57．8％，之后保持稳定。移植后6个月内，叶长移植植株均极显著低于自然植株；根长和茎节长在移植后1个月时移植植株显著低于自然植株，移植2个月后与自然植株无明显差异，甚至显著高于自然植株；叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量在移植后1个月时移植植株显著低于自然植株，移植2个月后则与天然植株无明显不同，甚至显著高于自然植株，但10月份移植植株的叶绿素含量明显下降。结果表明，移植操作对大叶藻植株的地上部分产生了严重的胁迫作用和较长的胁迫时间，而移植植株的地下部分及叶片叶绿素和类胡萝卜素在经过短期胁迫后，能够通过自身的补偿机制分别实现快速生长和显著增加，从而利于植株的扎根、固着和提高植株的光合作用能力。

Eelgrass （Zostera marina）, the most abundant seagrass species along the coast of tropical and temperate sea area, is important ecologically; unfortunately, most large eelgrass meadows have disappeared due to human disturbance. To restore disturbed seagrass habitats in die-off areas, seagrass transplantation has been tried intensively with various methods. In contrast, studies on the influence of transplanting stress on the survival, growth and physiology responses of seagrass are scarce. The objective of this study was to determine how transplanting stress affects the growth and survival of Z. marina and its photosynthetic response to transplantation. Shoots of Z. marina were collected and transplanted with the staple method in Swan Lake of Shandong Peninsula, China. Survival, growth and photosynthetic response of Z. marina to transplanting stress were monthly monitored by examining survival rate, morphometrics, chlorophyll and carotenoid content of natural and transplanted eelgrass shoots from May to October 2009. The results showed that transplanting brought a serious stress on the leaf length of transplanted Z. marina with a long period of stress effect. After short-term stress, however, a rapid growth in underground tissue and significant increase in leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid of transplanted Z. marina were found. As the compensation mechanism, these responses strengthened root anchorage and elevated the photosynthesizing capability of shoots.