氟离子检验方法研究进展

Recent Research Progress in the Detection of Fluoride Ion

氟是人体必需的l4种微量元素之一。氟化物在一定的浓度范围内对人体有着积极的作用,但过量的氟将会影响机体健康,因此,准确检测氟离子浓度是十分重要的。文章主要介绍氟离子检测方法的一些最新进展,并且横向比较了几种氟离子检测方法的异同点或优势和不足,主要包括离子色谱法、分光光度法、离子选择电极法,以及近来受到广泛关注的氟离子荧光指示剂。其中,离子色谱法对于一些化学性质相似的离子其选择性较差,且灵敏度不高。分光光度法稳定性好,简单而快速,但其影响因素较多,从而导致结果的准确性不高。离子选择电极是目前应用最为广泛的氟离子检测方法,其成本低,操作简单,快速而高效的方法,但其影响因素也较多。3种传统方法都无法实现对生物体内氟离子浓度的检测。氟荧光指示剂包括3种:氢键类,氟硼络合物类以及氟化物介导的脱甲硅烷基化类。这些氟荧光指示剂具有高选择性及高灵敏度,其影响因素较少,它们在生物体内应用存在一定限制:因为氟离子具有强烈的水化倾向,因此氢键键合的方法不能有效在水介质中实现;硼氟络合物的局限在于细胞毒性作用和自身不稳定性等;氟化物介导的脱甲硅烷基化具有高敏感性、准确性以及多功能生物成像的特点。

Fluoride element is one of 14 necessary trace elements in human body. The fluoride in a certain range is good for human health. However, excess fluoride will be harmful. Therefore, the accurate detection of fluoride ion concentration is very important. In this review the latest progress of the fluoride ion detection methods, and transversally was in troduced compared. The traditional meth- ods include ion chromatography, spectrophotometry and ion selective electrode method, as well as fluoride fluorescenot sensor. Ion chromatography has a poor selectivity for chemically similar ions, and poor sensitivity for lower concentrations of fluoride ions. Spectrophotometric is stable, simple and fast, but there are some influencing factors and the accuracy of the results is not very good. Ion selective electrode method is currently used most widely. This method is not only fast and efficient, but also costs lower and operates simpler. However it is influenced by many factors. These three conventional methods are all unable to detect the fluorine ion concentration in vivo. Fluorine fluorescent indicator includes three types, hydrogen bonds between the fluorine and NH-H, boron complex fluoride and fluoride mediated desilylation. These indicators have the high selectivity, high sensitivity, and less affected factors. But their applications in vivo have some limitations. Hydrogen bonding methods cannot be effectively achieved in an aqueous medium because the fluoride ion has a strong tendency of hydration. The limitation of boron fluoride complex its consists in cytotoxic effect and unstability. However, fluoride-mediated desilylation has a property of unique high sensitivity, accuracy and multifunctional biological imaging for the detection and analysis of fluoride ion,providing a convenient and efficient solution,which also achieves the detection of the concentration of fluoride ions in vivo.