大宝山矿区河流沿岸土壤重金属污染分析与评价

Analysis and evaluation of heavy metal pollution along the river of Dabaoshan mine area

由于对土壤环境的分析与研究存在着一定的不确定性,使用模糊数学的评价方法对于不定量的研究具备比较精确和细化的作用,能够为涉及土壤重金属污染等具有相对较模糊和不能量化特征的学科提供较为精确的研究方法。通过对韶关市大宝山重金属矿区的矿山开发和土壤重金属污染现状采取实地调查和取样分析,在大宝山矿区的上、下游以所选取5个区域土壤的Cd,Cr,Pb,Cu,Ni,Zn等6种重金属元素的含量作为样本数据,结合模糊数学理论在重金属污染评价方面的应用,建立模糊评价模型进行分析,其结果表明矿区下游区域土壤的重金属污染主要致灾污染因子为矿山开采所导致的重金属污染。并且,凉桥、水楼下、石柱下、上坝和下坝村等大宝山下游区域土壤中的Cd,Cu,Pb等重金属元素含量均已超过国家土壤质量标准(GB 15618-1995)规定的土壤二级标准值。

As the analysis of soil environment exists some indefiniteness, while the fuzzy mathematics has certain advantage in the aspects of accurate and detailed function on the non-quantitative research, and it could provide a precise method to the disci- plines which have the fuzzy and non-quantitative features such as the field of soil heavy metal pollution. The paper sets the soils along the river of Dabaoshan mining area of Shaoguan City as the research object for heavy metal pollution through field investi- gation and test analysis. Five representative areas are selected from upriver to downriver, and the coneentration of heavy metals including Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn is evaluated. The heavy metal element contamination of superficial sediment can be evalua- ted by applying the theory of fuzzy math mode. The results show that pollution factor is the heavy metal element from the mining process at the downriver. And, the average metal concentrations, including Cd, Cu, Pb, are over the grade II guideline according to the Environmental Quality Standard for Soils（GB 15618--1995） in the soils from Liangqiao village, Shuilouxia vil- lage, Shizhuxia village, Shangba village and Xiaba village around the river of Dabaoshan mining area.