发达地区地方政府对劳动力流动的微观经济政策范式探究

Microeconomic Policy Regulation Paradigm of Local Government on Labor Migration in Developed Areas in China

基于中央政府劳动力流动"宏观社会经济政策"与地方政府"微观经济政策"的划分,校正了长期以来学界对二者混淆的误区,并侧重以发达地区地方政府为考察对象,探讨1949—2013年间其对劳动力流动微观规制的内在范式及其演化脉络。研究结论表明:近65年来劳动力流动既离不开中央政府的宏观政策演进,也与地方政府的微观规制密不可分,而且这一系列的宏观政策与微观规制是外流劳动力、城市居民、中央政府与地方政府多重主体动态博弈的最终结果。发达地区地方政府对外来劳动力的微观经济政策先后经历了"规制失语"(1984年前)、"规制效果初见端倪但控制模式占主导"(1984—1992年)、"差别化待遇显著"(1993—2001年)、"身份认同与同城待遇逐步改善"(2002年至今)四个阶段,在这一过程中,中央政府宏观经济政策由最初对劳动力流动的直接效应逐步转为间接影响,并呈现由强变弱的趋势,而地方政府作为中间枢纽对劳动力流动的直接作用则越发显性化,进而实现了劳动力流动中央宏观调控与地方微观规制角色定位的理性回归。

Based on the division between ＂macro socio - economic policies＂ of central government, and ＂micro - economic policy＂ of local government for labor migration, the paper corrects the error of two confusion and focuses on the inherent paradigm and its evolution context for the micro - regulation of labor migration regarding local governments in developed areas as the object during 1949 -2013. The study shows that for nearly 65 years labor migration is not only inseparable from the evolution of central government＇s macroeconomic policies, but also is related to micro - regulation of local government. The micro - econom- ic policies for flowing labor of local governments in developed areas has undergone four stages, mainly in- cluding ＂regulation aphasia＂（ before 1984）, ＂regulatory effect beginning to take shape, but as the dominant control mode＂ （ 1984 - 1992）, ＂significantly differentiated treatment＂ （ 1993 - 2001 ）, ＂identity and city gradually improved treatment＂ （ 2002 - present）. In this process, macroeconomic policies from the central government on labor migration varies from the initial direct effect gradually into indirect effects and its trend becomes from strong to weak while the direct effect from local governments on labor migration as an inter- mediate hub is more and more explicit. This achieves the rational role of both the central macro - control and local micro -regulation for labor migration.