经济发展与国民收入分配格局变化:国际比较

An International Comparison of Economic Development and Evolvement on Distribution of National Income

当前,中国居民部门最终分配收入比重远低于美国、日本、英国。美、日、英初次分配呈现"大社会、小政府"的特征,再分配多向居民部门倾斜,而中国初次分配格局向政府部门倾斜,"建设型财政"的支出导向加剧了这一倾斜。在相近发展阶段,美、日、英三国劳动报酬比重均呈现上升趋势,资本性收入比重缓慢下降,而中国则恰恰相反。这主要缘于微观上的要素比价扭曲,以及宏观上的政府对经济增长率及财政收入最大化的追逐,导致政府职能转型滞后,形成了职能缺位,加剧了职能越位。未来应加快要素市场改革和行政审批制度改革步伐,着力矫正要素比价扭曲。

The ratio of China＇s final distribution of income from households is lower than that of Amer- ica, Japan and the United Kingdom..Initial distribution of America, Japan and UK is characterized by large society and small government, in addition, redistribution inclined to resident mostly. China＇s initial distribu- tion pattern, however, is inclined to government. What is worse, construction -type financial expenditure aggravates this tendency. The proportion of labor remuneration in America, Japan and UK are both upward, while whose capital income share are downward during the similar stage, while China is just the opposite. This is mainly due to the distortion of factors＇ parity on microscopic level and government＇s pursuit of GDP growth and maximization of fiscal income. As a result, the transformation of government function lags our time, absence of function turns up, and function off - side has been aggravated. Reform in factors market and administrative approval system should be speeded up so as to rectify factor parity distortion.