中国公共服务均等性评估及影响因素分析——基于CHNS数据的实证研究

Assessment of Equalization of Public Services and Its Influencing Factors in China: Based on Survey Data of CHNS

基于1989—2009年间"中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)"八次微观居民户及社区数据,实证分析中国公共服务均等性状况,并对居民公共服务机会状况的影响因素进行检验。结果表明:中国公共服务平均供给水平在1989—2009年间得到显著提高,但是公共服务机会在地区间、城乡间以及不同社会群体之间都呈现出显著的不均等性特征。进一步的分析检验发现,居民受教育程度、年龄、家庭经济状况以及城乡户籍和地区因素都是导致居民公共服务非均等的重要原因。推进公共服务均等化,不仅需要强化直接针对低收入和弱势群体的民生性服务提供,也需要通过财政转移支付方式来均等化城乡及地区间财力水平。

This paper empirically analyzes the equalization degree of public services and its influencing factors based on eight micro household and community survey data of CHNS from 1989 to 2009. The result shows that：The average level of public services has been significantly improved during 1989 -2009 in Chi- na, but there is a significant inequality between regions, urban and rural areas, and different social groups. Education, age, economic status, rural household registration and regional factors contribute to the inequali- ty of public services. Promoting the equalization of public services, the government should not only directly provide more public service to the poor, also need to equalize the level of financial resources between re- gions, and the urban and rural.