旱直播对水稻生长及产量的影响

Effect of Rice Direct Seeding on Growth and Yield

为探索水稻精量旱直播技术在辽宁中部地区的适应性,以机械插秧为对照,采用2BD-H10型水稻精量旱直播机,对直播条件下水稻的生长性状、产量、经济效益等进行研究。结果表明:水稻机械化旱直播与机械插秧相比较,生育期较短,生长速度快;单位面积有效穗数多177815穗·hm-2,穗长短1.1cm,每穗粒数少3粒,结实率低1%,谷草比高0.21;叶片数相差1片,但株高差异不显著;机械化旱直播水稻的有效分蘖率较低,为0.57,而插秧水稻的有效分蘖率为3.0,旱直播与机插秧产量均为9050 kg·hm-2,没有显著差异,但旱直播经济效益高出2960元·hm-2。机械化旱直播与插秧相比节省了育苗和插秧等环节及其生产成本,且播种作业较插秧效率高,使水稻种植轻型简便,有利于大规模机械化作业。

In order to explore the feasibility of rice dry direct seeding technology in central area of Liaoning province, field experiments were conducted. The effect of dry direct seeding of rice （with 2BD-H10 type precision rice dry direct sowing machine） on growth, yield and economic benefit compared with those of rice seedling mechanical transplanting were studied. The results showed that, for rice direct seeding, rice growing period was shorter and rice grew faster, with the valid panicle number of 177815 hm^-2 higher, the panicle length of 1.1em shorter; the grain number per panicle of 3 fewer; the seed setting rate of 1% lower, the weight ratio of grain to straw of 0.21 higher, the number of leaves per plant of 1 fewer the heigbt equal, the valid tillering rate of only 0.57 （while it is 3 for transplanting）, the yields of about 9050 kg·hm^-2, with no significant difference, the economic benefit of 2960 yuan·hm^-2 more than that of transplanting, for the cost saving in labor and water. The rice direct seeding is of higher efficiency in sowing operation. The direct seeding is a simplified technique and it is suitable for large scale production.