政治信任测量的比较与分析——以澳门为研究对象

Comparison and Analysis on the Measurement of Political Trust:Macao Case

为比较和分析政治信任两种测量方式的含义,对2010年澳门居民的实证调查数据进行了分析。基于文献,作者提出了政治信任的两种测量方式:直接测量是较为抽象地理解居民对政治系统的一种信念和态度,间接测量是对政治系统行为等更为具体的评价。研究发现,直接测量结果显示澳门居民的政治信任度较高;间接测量则显示澳门居民的政治信任偏向否定。说明澳门居民当前虽然对政治系统还抱有较为正面的认可态度,但从具体行为的评价上来说并不乐观,澳门特区政府应保持警醒,并注意取得民众对基层的信任、政策的信任和官员的信任。研究也证实,政治信任的直接测量更倾向于社会化模型的解释,而间接测量则更倾向于政府绩效的解释,即政治信任的不同测量方式对解释其影响因素是有显著不同的,以后的实证研究应注意这点。

The objective of this paper is to compare and analyze two measurements of political trust on the basis of Macao residents' survey data in 2010. The author proposes two measurements of political trust based on the literature. Direct measurement is to understand residents' belief and attitude towards political system in an abstract way;indirect measurement is to evaluate political system in a concrete way. The finding shows relative high political trust levels of Macao residents from the results of direct measurements and low trust levels from the one of indirect measurements. It indicates that although Macao residents recognized their political system positively,their evaluations towards the results of concrete actions were not so optimistic. Hence,Macao government should be cautious and pay attention to getting the trust of people towards the local level bureaucracy, the policy and the civil servants. The finding also confirms that the direct measurement of political trust is more consistent with the explanation of socialization,whereas,the indirect one can be explained more by government performance. Two measurements of political trust can be interpreted differently from the theoretical path, and the future empirical research should be fully aware of this.