“政府兜底”:当前农村社会冲突管理中的现象与逻辑

"Government Undertaking Tactics" :The Phenomenon and Logical of China Rural Social Conflict Management

主要探讨了农村社会冲突管理中"政府兜底"现象的内涵、路径与逻辑。通过案例分析,指出政府作为第三方对社会冲突各方进行调解时,为尽快化解冲突而对冲突方作出补偿,是农村社会冲突管理中的常见现象。研究发现,冲突各方为了达到各自的目的,通过不断"闹大"将社会冲突转变为政府要立马解决的政治事件是政府兜底的前提,而"兜底"则是在现有制度和社会环境的总体约束下,作为理性人的政府及其主要官员作出的理性选择。尽管"政府兜底"在短时期内使社会冲突得以化解、社会秩序重新恢复,保障了农民的某些权益,但也造成了一系列负面后果。政府应在社会冲突管理中通过制度建设来规范社会冲突,提高社会冲突管理的制度化水平,避免丧失原则和底线的随意兜底。

The objective of this paper is to illustrate the connotation,path and logic of the 'government undertaking tactics' phenomenon of China rural social conflict management. Through the analysis of cases,the paper points out that to resolve the conflict as soon as possible,the local government as the third party,just make compensation during adjust the social parties. This 'government undertaking tactics' phenomenon is common in rural social conflict management. The study find that,to achieve their purposes the conflict side through continuous 'make great event' transfer the social conflict into emergency political event,is the premise of the government undertaking tactics. The 'undertaking tactics' is a rational choice as a rational government and officials under the overall constraints in existing system and social environment. Although in a short period of time, 'the undertaking tactics' resolving the social conflicts,restoring social order and guaranteeing certain rights and interests of farmers,but also caused a series of negative consequences. To avoid losing the principle and the bottom line the government should build the institution to regulate the social conflicts and improve the level of institutionalization of social conflict management.