我国北方工业弃渣风蚀的风洞实验研究

Wind-tunnel Experimental Study of Industrial Waste Slags in Northern China

对副石膏、粉煤灰和硫酸渣3种典型工业弃渣样品的风蚀过程及其特征进行风洞模拟。结果表明,3种工业弃渣风蚀速率与风速之间均服从指数函数,其拟合关系可表达为:Q=a·exp(u/b)+c。在相同风速下,副石膏风蚀速率最大,粉煤灰次之,硫酸渣最小。工业弃渣风蚀过程中释尘量占风蚀物质的比重大。坡度实验表明,在风速为12m/s、坡度≤30°时,副石膏风蚀量随着堆积坡度的增大而增大;粉煤灰和硫酸渣堆积坡度大于临界坡度后,其风蚀量随着坡度增大而减少,粉煤灰的临界坡度为25°,硫酸渣的临界坡度为20°。因此,工业弃渣场选址应避开风口,并且要集中堆放,设置拦挡、护坡,增大弃渣堆积体边坡坡度等措施,以减少工业弃渣风蚀及其释尘量。

By using wind-tunnel experiment, the law of wind erosion and dust emission of industrial by-prod- uct gypsum was studied, fine coal ash and sulfuric acid slags which were sampled in the slags field of north- ern China. Results showed that the relationship between wind erosion rate of three kinds of waste slags and wind speed obeys exponential law, and its equation was Q=a ·exp（u/b）＋c. At the same wind speed, the wind erosion rate of industrial by-product gypsum was the largest, fine coal ash was second, and the sulfuric acid slags was minimum. The amount of dust emission by wind erosion of three kinds of waste slags accoun- ted of the amount of wind erosion was large. At 12 m/s wind speed, when the slope gradient less than or equal to 30°, the amount of wind erosion of industrial by-product gypsum increased with increasing slope gra- dient, when the slope gradient greater than the critical slope gradient, the amount of wind erosion of fine coal ash and sulfuric acid slags decreased with the increase of slope gradient. The critical slope gradient of fine coal ash was 25°, and the critical slope gradient of sulfuric acid slags was 20°. Hence, to reduce the amount of wind erosion and dust emission of waste slags, the waste slags fields should avoid wind gap, stack intensively, set block, revetment and increase the slope gradient of the waste slags.