不同海拔藏茴香叶片解剖结构比较研究

Comparative Study About the Anatomical Structure for Leave of Carum carvi L.in Different Altitude

以不同海拔高度的藏茴香叶片为试材,采用石蜡切片法,对其解剖特征进行比较研究。结果表明:藏茴香叶片由表皮、叶肉、叶脉构成,为背腹型叶,随着海拔的增高,叶片的厚度逐渐增加,叶脉逐渐发达;上表皮的长度和厚度随海拔的升高而逐渐增加,而下表皮细胞的长度和厚度无显著性差异,但气孔逐渐外凸;叶肉中栅栏组织的层数随着海拔的上升不断增加;栅栏组织、海绵组织的厚度及其细胞间隙逐渐增大;随海拔的不断升高,海绵组织在叶肉中的比重不断增大。这些特征表明了藏茴香叶片有旱生植物及湿生植物的部分结构特征,体现了植物对环境的适应性。

Thking the leaf of Carum carvi as materials, the anatomical structures for leave of different elevations by anatomical methods was compared and analyzed. The result showed that the leaf of C.arum carvi belonged to the bifacial leaf. The leaf thickness was gradually rising,and veins of leaf become larger as elevation raising. The length and the thickness of upper epidermis were gradually rising,lower epidermis was few changed,but stomas were protruding. The number of layers of palisade tissue,the thickness of palisade tissue and spongy tissue,and intercellular spaces in the mesophyll were along with a rising trend in higher elevations. The anatomical features showed that the leaf structures of Carum carvi exhibited both obviously characteristics of drought resistance and hygrophyte. The varying of anatomical structures for leave of Carum cavri during different elevations reflected plant adaptations to environment.