不同氮磷钾施肥配比和施肥用量对玉米产量的影响

Effects of Different NPK Fertilizer Ratio and Fertilizer Amount on Corn Yield

[目的]为探讨不同氮磷钾施肥配比及用量对玉米产量的影响。[方法]研究运用"3414"回归最优设计原理,在晋中榆次区东阳试验基地设置玉米肥效试验。[结果]所有处理中处理6(N2P2K2)产量最高达15 990 kg/hm2,处理1(N0P0K0)不施肥时产量最低为10 973 kg/hm2,产量差异显著;比较不同氮、磷、钾肥用量下的玉米产量,发现在其他种肥料不变的条件下单一提高另一种肥料的施用量,玉米的产量随肥料用量的提高先上升后下降;对比各缺素处理,发现对玉米产量影响次序为氮肥>钾肥>磷肥。[结论]氮肥是影响该区玉米产量的主要因素。在生产上,施肥时应重点考虑氮肥的投入及氮肥的基追比例。

[Objective] The research aimed to investigate the effects of different NPK fertilizer ratio and fertilizer amount on corn yield.[Method] ＂3414＂ design theory was applied to set corn fertilizer efficiency test in Dongyang experiment fields of JinZhong basin.[Result] The yield of treatment ⑥ （N2P2K2） was the highest,reaching 15 990 kg/hm2,when that of no fertilizer （N0P0K0） treatment reached a minimum value of 10 973 kg/hm2.The difference of yield was significant.Compared with the different dosage of nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium,it found that while the other two fertilizes kept unchanged only increased a single use of another fertilizer,the corn yields increased with the fertilizer at first and then decreased when continued to improve the amount of the fertilizer.Contrasted with the nutrients deficiency treatments,the results showed that the treatment without nitrogen had a notable effect on corn yield.No phosphorus treatment had less effect on corn yield and no potassium treatment had minimal effect on corn yield.[Conclusion] Nitrogen fertilizer was the key factors.It should be a first consideration of the application of nitrogen fertilizer in fields,and should consider fertilizer topdressing proportion at the same time.