食用菌菌渣缓解地黄连作障碍的研究

Effect of substrate of edible mushroom on continuously cropping obstacle of Rehmannia glutinosa

前期研究认为酚酸类物质的积累可能导致地黄连作障碍。研究发现不同菌渣提取液对酚酸均具有降解效果,其中杏鲍菇菌渣提取液对5种酚酸(对羟基苯甲酸、香草酸、丁香酸、香草醛和阿魏酸)的总降解率最高,达75.3%。盆栽试验结果表明,施用杏鲍菇菌渣的地黄根际土壤中的对羟基苯甲酸和香草醛,相对含量最低。进一步研究表明施用杏鲍菇菌渣使地黄冠幅、叶片数量、叶长、叶宽和株高等指标接近头茬地黄水平,使重茬地黄块根质量鲜重和干重分别提高2.70,3.66倍,单株梓醇总量提高2.25倍,同时提高了地黄根际土壤中细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量,也提高了地黄根际土壤中蔗糖酶、纤维素酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶的活性。这些结果表明,施用杏鲍菇菌渣一定程度上有效地缓解了地黄的连作障碍。

The continuous cultivation of Rehmannia glutinosa causes the accumulation of phenolic acids in soil. It is supposed to be the reason of the so called ″continuously cropping obstacle″. In this study,phenolic acids（ hydroxybenzoic acid,vanillic acid,eugenol,vanillin and ferulic acid） were degraded by the extracta of all the tested spent mushroom substrate（ SMS） and the maximal degradation rate was 75. 3%,contributed by extraction of SMS of Pleurotus eryngii. Pot experiment indicated that hydroxybenzoic acid and vanillin in soil were also degraded effectively by SMS of P. eryngii. The employment of SMS enhanced ecophysiology index to near the normal levels,such as crown width,leaves number,leaf length,leaf width and height. At the same time,the fresh and dry weight and total catalpol concentration of tuberous root weight of R. glutinosa was increased to 2. 70,3. 66,2. 25 times by employment of SMS,respectively. The increase of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes numbers in rhizosphere soil were observed after the employment of SMS by microbial counts. The employment of SMS also enhanced the enzyme activity in soils,such as sucrase,cellulase,phosphalase,urease and catelase. These results indicated that the employment of SMS alleviated the continuously cropping obstacle of R. glutinosa in some extent.