黄连药材加工方法与商品规格等级调查

Level investigation on Coptidis Rhizoma processing methods and product specifications

采用查阅本草文献、近代及现代中医药文献,结合到黄连主产地和部分药材市场进行实地考察的方法,对黄连药材加工方法和商品规格等级及销售情况进行系统调研。黄连产地加工方法古代主要有晒干法与焙干法;近现代加工方法较多,主要有阳光下薄纸遮盖干燥法、烘干法、烘箱干燥法与微火炒干法。文献以黄连所含主要化学成分小檗碱的含量为指标对黄连加工方法进行了比较分析,其中,阳光直射干燥法与焙干法影响小檗碱的含量,所以干燥时要把握好温度;阳光下薄纸遮盖干燥法比较繁琐,不适合大量药材和有风情况下药材的干燥,所以被淘汰;烘干法、烘箱干燥法与微火炒干法方便简单,适应社会化大生产的需求,为目前主要的产地加工方法。黄连药材商品包括味连、雅连和云连3种规格商品,每个规格各设2个等级,但实际上市场中以味连为主流商品,云连仅在云南部分地区有少量商品,雅连未见商品销售;主流商品味连多以统货销售,极少划分等级。黄连产地加工方法各地存在差别,亟待进行统一研究并制定相关标准操作规程,确保药材质量;黄连商品规格等级划分与药材内在质量关联度有待进一步提高,为优质优价提供更可靠的依据;建议《中国药典》中药材部分增加"药材商品规格等级标准"的内容。

The existing processing methods,commercial specification and grades,and the marketing of Coptidis Rhizoma were systematical researched,referring to ancient,modern and contemporary medical literatures with the combination of our fieldwork on main origins of Coptidis Rhizoma and some herbs markets. Results showed that Coptidis Rhizoma processing methods mainly included sun-dried method and baked method anciently. For now,the processing methods become various,including thin paper-covering under the sun drying,direct drying,oven drying and microflame-fry drying. In the literatures,the main chemical constituent berberine was determined of its content to analyze the processing methods,finding that the sun drying and baked drying affect the berberine content,so the temperature must be controlled when drying. The thin paper-covering drying method is so cumbersome for large quantities of medicinal herbs and in wind conditions that it has been eliminated. Eventually,direct drying,oven drying and microflame-fry drying are chosen to the large-scale socialized production for their convenient and simple operation,making up the current main processing methods. Coptidis Rhizoma products have 3 specifications of Weilian,Yalian,Yunlian,of each specification there are 2 levels,but in fact the market of Weilian commodities overtakes the Yunlian,which only sold in parts of Yunnan,and the no-sale Yalian. The mainstream commercial Weilian are often sold in general way,gradeless and uniformly-priced. There are regional differences of the processing methods on Coptidis Rhizoma,which needs unified research and development of relevant standard operating procedures to ensure the quality of medicine,urgently. Coptidis Rhizoma product specifications and the intrinsic quality-grade correlation need to be further improved,which could provide a more reliable standard for quality at competitive prices,and it is recommended that ＂ medicinal commercial specification and grade standard＂ content be increased into the Herbs part of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.