北朝时期的方形帐篷与族群互动

On the Square Tents with the Interaction of Diverse Ethnic Groups

考古材料中所见的方形帐篷形象,可以为了解北朝时期中国北方地区的族群互动提供新的视角。一方面,此时期出现的具有平城特色的陶制方形帐篷模型,作为蒙古包式框架结构帐篷的一类亚型,反映了北魏早期鲜卑族与汉民族之间的交往与融合;另一方面,北朝后期在华西域人所使用石质葬具上的浮雕装饰图像中黑帐篷与蒙古包式帐篷形象的出现,以及载帐架骆驼俑和有关商旅出行题材的使用,则从不同角度为我们展示了此时期中西方贸易伴随丝绸之路发展而不断繁荣的情景。随着中原地区人们对帐篷这种游牧民族符号的认识和接受,"胡风"逐渐发展成为流行于当时社会的一种文化风尚。

The images of tents rerealed in the archaeological works could supply us a new perspective on the interaction of diverse ethnic groups at the Northern China during the Northern Dynasties. On the one hand, the ceramic models of tents unearthed in Pingcheng imply that a distinctive kind of tenta subtype of yurtexisted and it could be a symbol of interaction and integration between the Xianbei and Han during the earlier period of Northern Wei. On the other hand, during the later period of the Northern Dynasties, both of images of yurts and black tents, which was appeared on the reliefs from some foreigners＇ tombs, models of camel loading with tent poles and the motif of Sogdian caravan indicate that commercial trades between the East and West were developed along the Silk Road. Moreover, tents were acquainted and accepted in their own lives by the people in the Central China indicated that the ＂Hu Feng （foreign culture） ＂ became influenced the social fashion gradually.