家蚕抗病分子育种研究进展与展望

Research Progress and Prospect of Silkworm Molecular Breeding for Disease Resistance

家蚕是具有重要经济价值的驯化昆虫,其饲养过程中面临多种病害威胁。家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)是对养蚕业危害最严重的一类病原,培育抗病毒病品种是应对蚕病威胁最经济有效的手段,但传统育种方法往往在提高家蚕抗性的同时会影响其经济性状。研究者根据BmNPV的侵染过程选择不同靶标基因,通过减少病毒侵染早期的原发性感染、降低病毒基因mRNA转录量、抑制病毒总蛋白合成水平和调控家蚕免疫防御等4种策略抑制病毒,利用转基因技术制备了高抗病毒的转基因家蚕育种素材。多数研究结果显示,通过分子手段创制的抗病家蚕品系在抵抗力显著提高的同时没有影响其生长发育和经济性状,展示了良好的应用前景。本文概述了家蚕抗病分子育种研究的现状,并对未来的发展方向和面临的问题进行了讨论。

Silkworm（Bombyx mori） is a domesticated insect with important economic value.Silkworm rearing is facing serious threat from various diseases.Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus（BmNPV） is the primary pathogen causing the most serious damage to silkworm rearing.Breeding of antiviral varieties is the most cost-effective means to deal with silkworm diseases.However,traditional breeding methods often increase the resistance of silkworm at the cost of decreased economic characteristics.According to the infection process of BmNPV,researchers developed different strategies to generate transgenic silkworms with high antiviral capacity,which suppresses BmNPV at initial infection,reduces transcription of virus mRNA,inhibits viral protein synthesis,and regulates host immunity.Most studies revealed that the resistance was significantly enhanced while growth and economic traits were unchanged in the antiviral silkworm varieties created by molecular breeding methods,which present good prospect for application.We reviewed the research progress of silkworm molecular breeding for disease resistance,and discussed the direction and existing problems for future development.