自适应垂直轴风力机翅叶夹角优化的数值模拟

Numerical simulation for blade angle of adaptive vertical axis wind turbine

在传统的Savonius型风力机的基础上,提出了一种具有自适应功能的柔性叶片垂直轴风力机,该风力机在达到一定风速时,会通过减小叶片的迎风面积减小受力,当风速降低时,又可以增大叶片迎风面积,获取更多风能,同时该风力机具有阻力型风力机的优点——启动力矩大,在低风速下便可启动。文章对该风力机进行简化,运用计算流体动力学对风力机进行三维数值计算,分析不同翅叶夹角在不同尖速比下风力机的转矩特性,从而得到最佳夹角,并分别对不同夹角工况下的压力场进行分析。结果表明,在翅叶夹角为15°时,风轮的转矩特性最好。

A type of adaptive vertical axis wind turbine （VAWT） with flexible blade is proposed on the basis of the traditional Savonius wind turbine, when the wind reaches a certain speed, wind turbine will reduce windward area of the blade to decrease the stress, but when the wind speed declines, it can increase windward area to get more wind power, at the same time the wind turbine has the advantages of drag-type VAWT such as large starting torque,low wind speed start-up. In this paper the fluid dynamic is used to carry out a three-dimensional numerical calculation of the simplified VAWT. The torque characteristics are analyzed at different included angle of blade and different tip speed ratios to get the best angle, then the stress field is analyzed under different angle conditions. The results shows that the torque characteristics of wind turbine is satisfaction when the blade has an angle of 15 degrees.