论输血及血液制品感染的侵权责任——基于日本法上的经验

Comparative Study of Chinese and Japanese Tortious Liability Regarding Infectious Disease Due to Transfusion of Blood and Blood Product——Focusing on Japanese Cases

在医学界,血液被称为"生命的源泉"。然而,近年来,随着临床用血和血液制品使用的大量增加,患者感染梅毒、肝炎、甚至艾滋病的案例已屡见不鲜。而上世纪末,我们的邻国日本也曾遭遇过同样的"血液之殇",日本司法实践在处理诸如"东大梅毒事件"、"药害肝炎事件"、"药害艾滋事件"上的成功经验会带给我国怎样的启示,以下将对日本法上血液的法律属性、医疗过失的判断标准、因果关系的证明以及医药产品责任主体的责任分配等进行分析,并结合我国《侵权责任法》相关规定,从法解释学的角度出发,针对我国司法现状,探讨日本法对我国在法律解释适用方面的借鉴意义。

In medical community, the blood is called ＂the source of life＂. However, in recent years, due to transfusion of blood and blood products, there is a significant increase in patients who have been infected by virus such as HBV, HCV or HIV. Japan also had the same problem like us but succeeded in dealing with it. This paper intends to introduce and analyze the Japanese court＇s relevant judgments in recent years, sort out the main issues of this legal theory from discussing the feature of the blood, medical negligence, causation, assignment of responsibility while attempting to provide a reference for China to offer legal remedies to the victims.