漓江流域水陆交错带植被配置型式分类及生态特征

Classification and ecological characteristics analysis of vegetation arrangement type in land-water ecotone of Li River

通过以漓江流域水陆交错带为研究对象,选取了40个样地实地调查其草本层盖度、植被类型、河岸带宽度、坡度、周边土地利用类型、位置、人为干扰度等指标,运用聚类分析的方法将漓江流域水陆交错带现有植被配置型式进行汇总分类研究,划分结果为:江心洲天然灌草型式(T1)、远郊天然林乔灌草型式(T2)、城区人工乔草型式(T3)、缓坡边滩天然草本型式(T4)、农商用地人工林乔灌草型式(T5)和城外天然乔灌草型式(T6)。通过对各种植被配置型式的生态特征分析,探讨了漓江流域现有的不同植被配置型式的退化状况及其存在的生态退化问题和原因,提出了生态恢复建议:江心洲天然灌草型式和远郊天然林乔灌草型式生态退化程度较小,宜采取保护和自然恢复的方法;城区人工乔草型式采用近自然方法治理;缓坡边滩天然草本型式适当采用引种和育植方法治理;农商用地人工林乔灌草型式生态恢复应注重生境多样性的恢复;城外天然乔灌草型式退化较为严重,采用全系列生态护坡和土壤生物工程护坡进行治理。

Based on land-water ecotone of the Li River, this study which selected 40 sample plots and chose the herb coverage, vegetation type, riparian zone width, slope, surrounding land use type, location and human disturbance degree as classification indicators aimed to classify the vegetation arrangement type by using clustering analysis method and discuss on current situation, existing problems and the reasons of ecological degradation of the existing different vegetation arrangement in Li River. Summarizing the sort results, it includes 6 types ： Central island natural shrub-herb type （ T1 ）, Exurb natural forest arbor-shrub-herb type （ T2 ）, Urban artificial arbor-herb type （ T3 ） , Gentle-slope-washland natural herb type （T4 ）, Agriculture or commercial land artificial forest arbor-shrub-herb type （Ts ） and Suburban natural arbor- shrub-herb type （ T6 ）. Through a variety of vegetation arrangement ecological feature analysis, this paper gives some advice on ecological restoration： Central island natural shrub-herb type and Exurb natural forest arbor-shrub-herb type have a lesser extent on ecological degradation, it should take the protection and natural recovery method; Urban artificial arbor-herb type is fit to near-natural controlling method; Agriculture or commercial land artificial forest arbor-shrub-herb type should pay attention to the restoration of habitat diversity; Gentle-slope-washland natural herb type can take the appropriate use of introduction and cultivation method; the degradation of Suburban natural arbor-shrub-herb type is more severe, it should take Soil bioengineering and All series vegetated protection means.