新一代载人月面着陆器发展趋势研究

Study on the development trend of new generation Manned Lunar Lander

月面着陆器是实现载人探月任务的重要组成部分,从任务规划和着陆器参数两个方面对早期美国阿波罗计划中的月面着陆器(LM)、苏联N1-L3登月计划中的月面着陆器(L3登月系统)以及最近美国星座计划中的月面着陆器(Altair)的相关情况进行了分析,并从任务需求、月面环境和研究经费及基础设施方面对LM与Altair月面着陆器进行详细比较,通过比较分析总结出新一代载人月面着陆器将沿着提高乘员运送能力、扩大到达范围、延长航天员生活时间及功能模块化的方向发展,并提出研制新一代月面着陆器应着重解决着陆器推进、结构、着陆障碍检测及缓冲以及月尘防护等关键技术。

Lunar lander is one of the most important parts of manned lunar exploration , this paper analyses the missions and parameters of lunar landers in the Apollo program , N1-L3 program and Constellation program , which were named as LM , L3 and Altair .LM and Altair are both American lunar landers , and LK belongs to Soviet Russia .After the analysis , there is a compare between LM and Altair , and then development trend of lunar lander is concluded , that is lunar lander will carry more astronauts, land on not only the equator area of moon but also the polar area , maintain living condition longer and be function modularized .In the end, some key technologies , such as propul-sion technology , lightweight technology , hazard detection technology , cushion technology and lunar dust protection technology , are proposed .