18世纪英国中产阶级科学话语的实现

The Realization of British Middle Class' s Scientific Discourse in 18th Century

18世纪,英国中产阶级在巨大经济变革发生时通过商业及相关活动获得了经济上的成功,并开始试图在社会各个领域发出自己的声音。对把握着文化领导权的上层贵族文化的学习仿效成为中产阶级水到渠成的选择。伴随着工业革命在英国各地兴起,中产阶级的科学事业蓬勃发展。科学作为一种文化产物,一方面承载了中产阶级的理想,成为社交活动最合适的话题,另一方面科普书籍、画作、科学仪器等相关商品大量进入消费市场,帮助富裕的中产阶级定位心理身份,也提高了自我地位。到18世纪末,科学已日渐成为一种被全社会认同的话语形式,内化为普通人的心理需求,在这个意义上中产阶级取得了文化上的胜利。

In 18th century, the Britain middle class achieved tremendous success through commerce activities. They subsequently attempted to find their own voice. The culture of the upper class, which carried the idea of Culture Hegemony, became the model of middle class. Science became the fittest topic in social intercourse. Goods such as scientific books, paintings and instruments came into the market and helped middle class position their identity. Science had turned into a discourse which recognized by the whole society and transformed into a kind of psychological needs of ordinary people in late 18th century.