全科住院医师规范化培训中“双导师制”的实施现况分析

A survey on double-preceptor system in standardized residency training of general practitioners

目的 探讨全科住院医师规范化培训中“双导师制”的实施情况,为进一步完善“双导师制”提供依据.方法 2013年5-6月对53名临床与社区导师和48名受训全科住院医师进行问卷调查,研究“双导师制”实施情况.结果 53名导师基本认同开展导师制的必要性,认为其非常有效和具有一定成效的临床导师、社区导师与住院医师分别占82.8％（24/29）、95.8％ （23/24）和89.6％（43/48）,主要体现在住院医师的临床、科研与沟通能力提高、顺利通过各项考核等方面.但对导师的责任及义务十分清楚的临床（13/29）与社区（11/24）导师均不足50％,93.1％（27/29）的临床导师和95.8％（23/24）的社区导师希望接受导师制相关培训课程.师生联系中均以导师主动占多数,临床导师为72.4％（21/29）、社区导师为75.0％ （18/24）;75.9％ （22/29）的临床导师认为“住院医师不积极参与”是推行“双导师制”的主要障碍.导师对住院医师的指导内容主要集中在临床技能、科研方面及通过各项考核,指导方式主要为面谈、检查医疗文书质量和小讲课,仅有6.9％（2/29）的临床导师对住院医师进行门诊带教指导.83.3％ （40/48）的受训全科住院医师认为“导师对自身的责任与义务不明确”是推行“双导师制”的主要障碍.对于如何评价“双导师制”的成效,临床与社区导师均集中在住院医师考核成绩和住院医师评估两方面;对于目前使用的《导师/住院医师联系手册》,临床导师、社区导师和住院医师的评价均较低;87.5％（21/24）的社区导师认为“缺乏相应的激励机制”是推行“双导师制”的主要障碍.结论 “双导师制”在师生中均得到广泛认可,定期进行导师培训与建立有效的导师考核、评估机制是进一步完善“双导师制”的关键.

Objective To survey the double-preceptor system in standardized residency training of general practitioners （GPs）.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 48 residents,53 clinical and community preceptors during May and June 2013.Results The preceptors mostly agree with the necessity to carry out double-preceptor system.82.8% （24/29） clinical preceptors,95.8% （23/24） community preceptors and 89.6% （43/48） residents considered that it was very effective.Less than half of the clinical（13/29） and community （11/24） preceptors knew very clearly about their responsibilities and obligations ; 93.1% （27/29） clinical preceptors and 95.8 % （23/24） community preceptors hoped to receive corresponding training courses.72.4% （21/29） clinical preceptors and 75.0% （18/24） community preceptors communicated with residents frequently,75.9% （22/29） clinical preceptors thought ＆quot;residents were not actively involved＆quot; was the main obstacle in the implementation of double-preceptor system.The guide contents were focused on clinical skills,scientific research and how to pass assessments.The main approaches were interviews,checking the quality of medical instruments and small lecture.Only 6.9% （2/29） clinical preceptors conducted outpatient teaching,83.3% （40/48）residents thought ＆quot;tutors did not knew clearly about their responsibilities and obligations＆quot; was the main obstacle in the practice of doublepreceptor system.Regarding how to evaluate the double-preceptor system,clinical and community preceptors tended to use examination results and feedback of residents.Clinical preceptors,community preceptors and residents all gave low comments about the preceptor-resident contact handbook.87.5% （21/24） community preceptors thought ＆quot;lack of corresponding incentive mechanisms＆quot; was the main obstacle in the practice of double-preceptor system.Conclusions Double-preceptor system has been widely recognized by both preceptors and students.In order to improve the system,we should conduct tutor training courses regularly and establish an effective mechanism to assess and evaluate tutors.