我国专业学位硕士研究生奖助体系:理论探讨和策略完善

The System of Scholarship and Grants Issuing for Professional Degree Postgraduates in China: Theoretical Discussion and Solutions

专业学位是相对于学术性学位而言的学位授予类型,为培养高层次应用型专门人才而设置,具有职业性、实践性和应用性等特征。现阶段我国研究生资助采用奖、助、贷、减、补并存的多元化模式。当前,我国专业学位研究生教育正处于起步阶段,尽管全日制专业学位硕士生的规模不断扩大,但是由于我国研究生教育的体制结构尚不成熟、全社会对专业学位的认识不足、专业学位硕士生在奖助激励体系中处于弱势地位等原因,在资助过程中出现了资助对象无差别化、资助理念和目标不明确、评估指标缺乏多维性、激励机制不完善等问题。完善我国全日制专业学位硕士生资助体系,要明确多元化的研究生奖助体系,建立长效机制,拓展奖学金来源渠道,建构科学的动态评估体系,规范人性化的管理体制,培养适应特定行业或职业实际工作需要的具有创新能力和实践能力的综合型人才。

Relative to academic master？s degrees, professional master？s degrees are created to cultivate high-level, practical and specialized talents, which is occupation-targeted, practical and applicable. At present, the methods of scholarship, student grant, student loan, tuition waiver and student aid are all in the system of subsi-dizing postgraduates. The professional degrees in China have just started. Although the amount of full-time profes-sional-degree postgraduates has been increasing all the time, many problems have occurred during the issue of their subsidy, such as the indiscrimination issue to every student, the unclear ideas and goals about the aid, the lack of multi-dimension in the evaluation indexes, and the imperfection in the incentive system. The problems are caused by the immaturity of the education system for postgraduates, the insufficient knowledge from society about professional degrees, and the weak position that professional degree postgraduates are in the system. In order to perfect the subsidization system for full-time professional-degree students, a multi-dimensional system must be created, the long-term mechanism must be established, the sources of fund must be expanded, a scientific dy-namic evaluation system must be built, the humanized management system must be standardized, and comprehen-sive talents with the ability of creation and practice and fitting specific jobs must be cultivated.