豫中南地区优质强筋小麦产量和品质的适宜氮磷配比研究

Effect of different ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on yield and quality of strong gluten wheat in the south central area of Henan province

在驻马店小麦产区针对氮磷配合施用对优质强筋小麦的产量和品质效应进行试验研究。结果表明：合理氮磷比以12∶7配施,即每公顷施氮180 kg、五氧化二磷105 kg可使优质强筋小麦增产幅度明显提高,籽粒蛋白质含量提高0．7%-2．8%,湿面筋提高了1．8%-4．9%,吸水量提高了0．9-5．3 mL,稳定时间提高了0．5-4．8 min,对沉降值影响较小。氮肥用量是影响产量和品质的主导因素,增施氮肥可提高蛋白质和湿面筋含量,提高吸水量和稳定时间,合理增施磷肥可促进蛋白质含量、湿面筋、吸水量和稳定时间的提高,随着施磷量增加到一定程度,加工品质反而下降。

In this paper field experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus application leven and ra-tios on the yield and quality of strong gluten wheat in the Zhumadian wheat producing areas. The results showed that ratio of 12∶7 of nitrogen and phosphorus, i. e. applying 180 kg nitrogen and 105 kg phosphorus pentoxide per hectare could increase the yield and improve the quality of strong gluten wheat obviously. Grain protein content increased 0. 7% to 2. 8%, the con-tent of meat brawn increased 1. 8% to 4. 9%, water absorption increased 0. 9 to 5. 3 mL, settling time increased from 0. 5 to 4. 8 minutes, while the effect of fertilizer application on sedimentation value was little. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer was the dominant factor affecting the yield and quality. The content of protein, wet wheat brawn, water absorption and settling time could be improved by increasing the application level of nitrogen fertilizer. Reasonable increasing the amount of P fertilizer could improve the quality of the protein, wet wheat brawn, water absorption and settling time. Wheat processing quality would decline when phosphate application level to a certain extent.