锌肥施用方式对小麦、玉米产量和籽粒锌含量的影响

Effects of different zinc fertilization methods on yield and grain Zn concentration of maize and wheat

以"郑单958"和"先玉335"玉米品种,"良星99"小麦品种为试验材料,在田间试验条件下研究了土施和叶面喷施锌肥对小麦、玉米产量和籽粒锌含量的影响。结果表明:在华北石灰性土壤上,土施和叶面喷施锌肥并没有显著提高玉米产量,小麦产量有一定程度增加;土施以及叶面喷施锌肥均显著提高小麦、玉米籽粒锌含量,叶面喷施锌肥的效果更好,并且小麦籽粒锌含量增加幅度显著高于玉米。土施和叶面喷施均能显著降低小麦、玉米籽粒磷锌摩尔比,增加籽粒锌的生物有效性,叶面喷施的效果更好。因此,单独叶面喷施锌肥或与土施相结合是提高小麦、玉米籽粒锌含量的有效措施,是保障人体锌营养健康的重要途径之一。

In order to investigate the effects of different zinc （ Zn） fertilization methods on the yield and grain Zn concentration of maize and winter wheat, four field trials were conducted on the calcareous soil with maize cultivars as“Zhengdan 958” and“Xianyu 335” and winter wheat cultivar as“Liangxing 99”. The results showed that both soil and foliar application of Zn fer-tilizer did not increase maize yield significantly while did slightly enhance winter wheat yield. However, both soil and foliar＆amp;nbsp;application of Zn fertilizers could significantly raise Zn concentration in grains of maize and winter wheat for all cultivars, and foliar Zn application method exerted better effect than soil Zn application method on Zn enrichment of maize and wheat grains. The grain Zn concentration of winter wheat was higher than that of maize independent of Zn fertilization methods. Both foliar and soil application of Zn fertilizer could significantly decrease the P/Zn molar ratio in grains which could be reliable indicator on the adaptability of grain Zn concentration. These results suggested that foliar Zn application alone or combined with soil Zn application represents an effective approach to realize higher Zn concentration in grains of cereal crops, especially for winter wheat.