390份小麦-黑麦种质材料主要农艺性状分析及优异材料的GISH与FISH鉴定

Main Agronomic Traits of 390 Wheat-Rye Derivatives and GISH/FISH Identification of Their Outstanding Materials

将小麦近缘属植物黑麦中的优良基因导入小麦可以拓宽小麦的遗传基础,丰富小麦的遗传变异。本研究调查并分析了390份小麦-黑麦种质材料。在这390份种质材料中,6个主要农艺性状值均有较大的极差,说明其遗传多样性丰富。与10份小麦主栽品种相比,90%以上的材料具有穗长和分蘖数的显著优势,60%以上的材料具有小穗数优势,约30%的材料穗粒数和千粒重显著高于主栽品种。利用基因组原位杂交(genomic in situ hybridization,GISH)和多色荧光原位杂交(multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization,mc-FISH)技术,对8份农艺性状优良的代表性材料进行染色体组成分析,发现3份为六倍体小黑麦(AABBRR),2份为八倍体小黑麦(AABBDDRR),1份为1RS?1BL易位系,其余2份不具有可见的黑麦染色体或染色体片段。值得指出的是,3份六倍体小黑麦与2份八倍体小黑麦所含的黑麦染色体不完全相同。八倍体小黑麦中有1对来源于黑麦的小染色体,而六倍体小黑麦中没有类似小染色体;并且,不同材料中黑麦4R染色体端部的GISH杂交带有明显差异。本研究结果为这些小麦-黑麦种质材料进一步应用于小麦育种提供了依据。

Transferring desirable genes of we （Secale cereale L.） into common wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） can widen the ge- netic basis and enrich genetic variation of wheat. We analyzed 390 wheat-rye derivatives in this study. Large ranges of variation were found according to six main agronomic traits, indicating an abundant genetic diversity in these germplasms. Compared to ten major wheat cultivars, more than 90% of the wheat-rye derivatives were superior in spike length and tiller number, more than 60% were superior in spikelet number, and about 30% had higher kernel number per spike and thousand-grain weight. Eight represen- tative materials with desirable agronomic traits were tested with genomic in situ hybridization （GISH） and multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization （mc-FISH）. The result showed that among eight outstanding materials three were hexaploid triticales （AABBRR） and two were octoploid triticales （AABBDDRR）; another one was the 1RS. 1BL translocation line; and the remaining two lines contained neither chromosome nor chromosome fragments of rye. Interestingly, the rye chromosomes were not com- pletely the same between the hexaploid triticale and the octoploid triticale. A pair of rye chromosomes in the octoploid triticalewas smaller than usual, whereas the hexaploid triticale had no such small chromosomes. We also found that different triticale ma- terials had different GISH banding patterns of chromosomes 4R. These results provide a basis for application of the wheat-rye derivatives in wheat breeding.