1,2,3,4-丁四醇四硝酸酯的合成、表征和性能

Synthesis,Characterization of 1,2,3,4-Erythrityl Tetranitrate

以赤藓糖醇为原料,采用硝硫混酸硝化,制备了1,2,3,4-丁四醇四硝酸酯(ETN)。采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差热扫描量热法(DSC)以及感度试验方法研究了ETN的微观形貌、结构特征、热分解特性、爆轰性能和感度特性。结果表明,ETN呈无规则薄片状,具有硝酸酯基炸药的结构特点。在DSC曲线中有一个熔化吸热峰和一个宽化的放热峰,热分解活化能为187.05 kJ·mol-1。理论计算得到ETN的生成焓(506.9 kJ·mol-1)、爆速(8467.3 m·s-1)、爆热(8492 J·g-1)和爆压(34.5 GPa)。ETN的特性落高H50为18.1 cm、摩擦爆炸百分数为68%、5 s延滞期的爆发点为208.86℃,感度高于太安(PETN)(H50=25.3 cm)。

1 ,2,3,4-Erythrityl tetranitrate（ETN） was prepared by using erythritol as raw material and the fuming nitric acid and con- centrated sulfuric acid as nitrating agent and catalyst, respectively. It was characterized by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope （ SEM）, X-Ray diffraction （ XRD）, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and sensitivity tests. Results show that ETN is random lamelliform and has an endothermic peak （melt） and a broadening exothermic peak in thermal decomposition and its activation energy is 187.05 kJ · mo1^-1 . The theoretical calculation shows the formation heat is 506.9 kJ · mo1^-1 , and detonation velocity is 8467.3 m·s^-1 , and detonation heat is 8492 J·g^-1, and detonation pressure is 34.5 GPa. The Hs0 of ETN is 18.1 cm, the frictional explosive percent is 68% and the 5 s explosive point is 208.86℃, which is more sensitivity than PETN.