山茶科观赏植物对大气SO_2和氟化物的净化能力

Decontamination Ability of Theaceae Ornamental Plants to Absorb Sulfur Dioxide and Fluoride in Atmosphere

将11种山茶科观赏植物在佛山市南海区五星(污染区)和高明区云勇林场(相对清洁区)栽培420d后,观察它们的叶、枝、茎、根等器官对SO2和氟化物的净化能力。结果表明,在不同环境中生长相同时间下,金花茶、杜鹃红山茶、大苞山茶、岑溪软枝油茶、越南油茶、长尾毛蕊茶、普通油茶、香港红山茶、博白大果油茶9种山茶科植物对SO2、氟化物等污染气体均具有较强的抗性和吸收净化能力,而大叶厚皮香、荷木两个品种在污染区的成活率仅为60%、30%,吸附SO2、氟化物的量较少,抗性差,不适宜在SO2、氟化物含量高的环境中栽种;山茶科植物各器官对SO2、氟化物的吸附能力变化较大,植物对SO2的吸附主要表现在叶、根上,为根>叶片>枝>茎,植物对氟化物的吸附主要集中在叶片上;山茶科植物不同品种其器官吸收SO2和氟化物的净化能力不同,可根据不同地区污染情况选用不同的植物。

The purification ability of leaves,branch,trunk and root organs to SO2 and fluoride in air of 11 Theaceae ornamental plants cultivated for 420 d in Wuxing of Nanhai area（pollution area） and Yunyong forest farm of Gaoming area（relatively clean area） in Foshan city was observed.Results showed that under the different conditions and the same cultivation time,Camellia nitidissima, C. azalea,C. granthamiana,C. oleifera,C. vietnamensis,C. caudate,C. oleifera,C. hongkongensis,C. gantocarapa had great ability to absorb air pollutants of SO2 and fluoride. The survival rate of Ternstroemiag ymnanthera var. wightii, Schima spp.ect.in the pollution area was only 60% and 30%, respectively. They had poor ability to absorb air pollutants of SO2 and fluoride,with no appropriate growth in the environment with high contents of SO2 and fluoride.There were large changes of the purification ability of each organ in the adsorption of SO2 and fluoride. The purification abilities of the leave and root were higher than that of branch and trunk. The adsorption of plants on fluorine were mainly concentrated on the leaves. It showed that these species of organs were more tolerant to SO2 and fluoride. Different plants could be chose in according to different regional pollution.