葡聚糖纳米银的制备及其对丝绸织物的抗菌整理

Synthesis of silver nanoparticle by dextran and its application in antibacterial finish of silk fabric

以葡聚糖作为还原剂和模板，通过和硝酸银溶液反应制得稳定的纳米银溶胶抗菌剂。利用紫外一可见分光光度计（UV—Vis）、透射电镜（TEM）和X射线粉末衍射仪（XRD）表征了所制备的纳米银；利用纳米银溶液对桑蚕丝织物进行了载银抗菌处理，并测定了处理后织物的抗菌性能、白度及耐洗性；探讨了蚕丝纤维对纳米银颗粒的吸附机理。采用扫描电镜（SEM）观察载银整理后纤维表面纳米银颗粒的分布和形貌。试验结果表明，当硝酸银用量为0．5mL时，制得溶胶中纳米银的粒径大小在20～30nm，放置两个星期后，纳米银溶液仍然保持透明澄清，无沉淀。利用制备的纳米银溶液采取二浸二轧法对丝织物进行整理，整理后织物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率分别为98．32％和98．53％，经过30次洗涤后，对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率仍能达到95％以上，具有良好的耐洗性能。

Silver nanoparticle colloid was prepared through the reduction of silver nitrate by dextran in aqueous solution. Silver nanoparticles prepared were tested and characterized by UV - Vis, TEM and XRD. Silk fabric was finished with nanosilver colloid. The antibacterial rates, whiteness and laundering durability of treated fabric were measured. The adsorption mechanism about silver nanoparticles onto silk fibers was discussed preliminarily in this article. The test result shows that the diameter of silver nanoparticle is well-distributed and no more than 30nm when the volume of silver nitrate was 0.5ml. Nanosilver colloid still retained well-dispersed in aqueous solution after two weeks, and showed no sediment. Silver nanoparticles were loaded successfully on the surface of silk fabric by two dipping two padding method. The bacterial reduction rates against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were 98.32% and 98.53% , respectively. The finished silk fabric displays excellent laundering durability even after washing 30 times and the bacterial reduction rates of S. aureus and E. coli reached above 95%.