美国实习指导教师研究述评

A Review on Researches of Cooperative Teachers in America

实习指导教师是教育实践活动的重要组成部分,能够减轻实习生经历的现实震撼,对实习生的专业发展有深远影响。美国高校从20世纪50年代开始至今,通过问卷调查、参与观察、深度访谈等实证研究方法,在指导教师的选拔与培训、指导教师的角色、指导策略、指导内容和指导工作的影响因素方面取得了丰富的研究成果。然而,受实习指导教师人数不足、实习指导工作主观性强等因素影响,美国对实习指导教师评价的研究相对较少。美国实习指导教师研究发展的历程,对我国提高实习指导教师的工作效率、制定实习指导策略、克服实习教师指导不足的"自为"状态等具有一定的启示和借鉴作用。

The cooperative teachers are one of the essential parts in practicum. It is helpful to ease the burden that the reality shocks bring to student teachers. From the 1950＇s till now, many researchers in America have been exploring various teaching phenomena related to cooperative teachers by the means of questionnaire, participant observation and depth interview. Abundant findings have been achieved, including instruction preparation, roles of cooperative teachers, mentoring strategies, influence factors etc..except the appraisal of mentoring owning to the shortage of numbers of cooperative teachers and the influence of subjective factors in mentoring. American cooperative teachers research has great benefits on how to overcome mentoring deficiency of cooperative teachers in China.