单产15000kg/hm^2以上玉米品种子粒灌浆特征分析

Analysis on Grain Filling Characteristics of Spring Maize Hybrids with High Yield of 15 000 kg/ha

选用具有高产潜力的6个玉米杂交种,采用12万株/hm的密度大田种植,研究高产玉米不同品种子粒灌浆特征的差异及其与粒重的关系。结果表明,个玉米杂交种均可实现15 000 kg/hm的高产水平。良玉66和中单909前中期灌浆速率高,且最早到达最大灌浆速率;灌浆速率下降慢的品种,成熟相对偏晚。品种间差异主要是灌浆速率和到达最大灌浆速率的时间不同,活跃灌浆期并没有明显差异。影响不同品种粒重的主要因素是线性灌浆期和缓慢灌浆期的灌浆速率。因此提高品种的线性灌浆期和缓增期灌浆速率可以增加粒重。在新疆伊犁春播玉米高产区,适宜的高产品种为中单909和良玉66。

Six hybrids which had high yielding potential was selected and planted with a density of 120 000 plants/ha. The differences between grain-filling characteristics of different high yielding（〉 15 000 kg/ha） maize culti- vars and their relationships with grain weights were studied. The results showed that all the cultivars gained the yield of more than 15 000 kg/ha among which the yield of Zhongdan909 and Liangyu66 were the highest. The analysis of Logistic curve for grain yield formation showed that both of Liangyu66 and Zhongdan909＇ s grain filling rate were high in premetaphase and reached maximum filling rate earlier. The cultivars with slowly reduced grain filling rate matured late relatively. The main differences between different high yielding cuhivars were mainly due to the differences of grain filling rate and the time that reached maximum filling rate but not active filling stage. The final yield was decided by the coefficient of thousand kernel weight, kernel and ear number. Correlation analysis showed that the main factor that affect kernel weight for different cuhivars was the grain filling rate in linear filling stage and slow filling stage.It was helpful to achieve high yield through increasing kernel weight by boosting grain filling rate in linear filling stage and slow filling stage. Appropriate high yielding cuhivars were Zhongdan909 and Liangyu66 in high yielding region of spring maize in Yili of Xinjiang.