不同施肥模式对春玉米养分吸收与利用的影响

Effect of Different Fertilization Patterns on Nutrient Absorption and Utilization of Spring Maize

以郑单958为供试品种,设高量施肥和减量施肥两个处理,研究不同施肥模式对春玉米养分吸收与利用的影响。结果表明,各生育时期单位面积N吸收量和吸收速率高量施肥均高于减量施肥;除拔节至大喇叭口期外,K吸收量和吸收速率总体变化趋势与N相同;P吸收量和吸收速率在出苗至拔节期和大喇叭口至吐丝期高量施肥低于减量施肥,其他生育阶段均为减量施肥低于高量施肥。植株N、P、K的积累量各生育时期高量施肥均高于减量施肥。完熟期高量施肥和减量施肥各器官N、P分配比均以子粒中最大,且高量施肥均低于减量施肥;K分配比例以茎中最高,高量施肥高于减量施肥。玉米N、P、K的收获指数和养分利用效率年度间均表现为减量施肥大于高量施肥。

Used Zhengdan958 as the material to study different fertilization patterns on nutrient absorption and utilization of spring maize. The result showed that N absorption amount and absorption rate per unit area under high fertilization were higher than those of reducing fertilization at all growing stages; in addition to jointing stage to booting stage, the K absorption amount and absorption rate the overall trend with the same N; P absorption amount and absorption rate under high fertilization was lower than under reducing fertilization from emergence to jointing and booting to silking, and the reducing fertilization were low at other stages. Accumulation amount of plants N, P, K in different growth periods under was higher than that of reducing fertilization. The different organs of N, P distribution ratio in grain under high fertilization and reducing fertilization were the largest, the ratio of K distribution in stem was the highest, and high fertilization was higher than those of reducing fertilization. The harvest index and nutrient use efficiency of N, P and K among years under reducing fertilization were higher than those of high fertilization.