澳大利亚国立大学科研活动防止利益冲突的政策实践及启示

Policy Practice and Enlightenment of Preventing Conflicts of Interest in Scientific Research in Australian National University

目前,由于我国有关科研活动利益冲突的制度不够完善,科研活动中的利益冲突现象屡屡发生,已经严重影响到高校科研活动的正常开展。澳大利亚国立大学已形成了一套成熟的防止利益冲突政策体系和监管机制,包括研究机构必须制定有关防止潜在利益冲突的政策;在科研活动中,研究人员感觉到有涉及利益冲突内容的,应自行回避等一系列有关利益冲突的披露、回避、管理与消除、调查与处罚的内容。澳大利亚国立大学设置了专门机构和人员,为学校的教职工和所有学生提供科研诚信方面的咨询及负责对学术不端行为的调查及处罚。因此,有必要借鉴澳大利亚国立大学科研活动利益冲突防范的成功经验,结合我国科研活动利益冲突的现状,从教育、制度、监督、惩处等方面采取措施,建立完善防止利益冲突的政策体系和监管机制,促进我国的科研事业健康发展。

Due to the deficiency of the system concerning the conflict of interest in scientific researches, the conflicts of interest are an often occurrence, which seriously affects the normal conduct of scientific research activities. ANU has formed a set of ma-ture system and regulatory mechanism of conflicts of interest in scientific research. Research institutes should establish a policy to prevent every potential conflict of interest. In scientific research activities, when possibly involved in the contents related to the conflict of interest, researchers should automatically avoid the exposure, management, eradication, investigation and punishment of relevant information. What’s more, specialized institutes and advisers are appointed by ANU to provide its staff and students with the information about scientific research and the punishment of academic dishonesty. Consequently, based on the current status in our country, it is necessary and significant for us to learn from the successful practices of ANU and work out measures from the aspects of education, institution, supervision and punishment to prevent its occurrence. In this way, we can establish a set of system and regulatory mechanism and promote the healthy development of the scientific enterprise in our country.