中学生手机依赖及其相关因素研究

Middle School Students' Mobile Phone Dependence and Its Related Factors

为了解中学生手机使用现状,探讨手机依赖的特点及其相关因素,本研究采用中学生手机依赖量表、大五人格评定简式量表、社会支持评定量表和中学生应对方式量表对北京300名中学生进行了调查。结果显示,(1)手机依赖的检出率为21.5%。(2)手机依赖在年级、学科分类和是否独生子女的人口学变量上不存在差异;但在性别变量上存在显著性差异,女生手机依赖总分显著高于男生得分(t=3.734,p=0.000),女生相对于男生有较高的手机依赖倾向;手机依赖总分与手机各项话费、上网开机时间呈显著正相关,手机花费和使用时间越多的中学生手机依赖程度越严重。(3)手机依赖总分与大五人格中的适应性维度得分呈显著正相关(r=0.173,p=0.003),回归分析表明,适应性能显著预测手机依赖总分及4个因子得分;手机依赖总分与社会支持各维度得分及总分相关不显著;手机依赖总分与应对方式中逃避、发泄情绪和幻想否认的维度得分呈显著正相关(r=0.180,p=0.002;r=0.252,p=0.000;r=0.187,p=0.001),与问题解决维度呈边缘显著负相关(r=-0.100,p=0.087),回归分析表明,发泄情绪、问题解决能显著预测手机依赖总分及4个因子得分。适应性越差、社会应对方式越不良,中学生会对手机越依赖。

To understand the current status, characteristics and related factors on mobile phone dependence （MPD） in middle school students, 300 students from Beijing were investigated by using Mobile Phone Dependence Inventory （MPDI）, NEO Five-Factor Inventory （NEO-FFI）, Social Support Questionnaire （SSQ）, Coping Style Scale （CSS）. Results were that： （1） 21.5% of subjects were mobile phone dependent persons.（2） The effect of grade, subject classification and whether the one-child on MPD was not significant, but there was a significant difference in terms of gender, and girls＇ MPD score was far higher than boys＇ （t=3.734, p=0.000）. Relative to boys, girls had a higher tendency to rely on the phone. The score of MPD was significantly positively correlated with the cost and time subjects spend on, so the more students spend, the more serious MPD was. （3） The score of adaptability dimension in NEO-FFI was significantly positively correlated with that of MPD （r=0.173, p=0.003）, and adaptability could predict MPD and its four dimensions by regression analyze; The score of MPD was not significantly correlated with that of SSQ; The score of MPD was significantly positively correlated with those of escape, emotion relief and fantasy denial dimensions （r=0.180, p=0.002; r=0.252, p=0.000; r=0.187, p=0.001）, and marginally significantly negatively correlated with that of problem solving （r=-0.100, p=0.087）, and emotion relief and problem solving could predict MPD and its four dimensions by regression analyze. Poor adaptability and negative copying styles led to stronger MPD.