基于“非法性”的分析——新论非法证据排除规则

On theQuestion of Illegality——a new Discussion of the Exclusionary Rule

非法性是非法证据排除理论的核心范畴。非法性所指,游走于取证行为和证据本身之间。非法性的成分包括实体非法性和程序非法性,两者的比例关系影响着非法证据排除规则的适用范围、处理方式和核心判定要件。非法性依其严重程度而分为四个层次。我国的非法证据排除规则主要规制具备足以导致所得证据"不成立"、"不可采"或"可采性待定"之非法性的取证行为或所得证据。根据具体规制之非法性的层次差异,非法证据排除规则分为绝对的非法证据排除规则和相对的非法证据排除规则,此外还存在一些特殊的非法证据排除类型。我国非法证据排除规则所规制之非法性在成分上体现出由实体非法性为主向程序非法性为主的移转趋势。

The illegality is the core concept of the theory of illegal evidence exclusion.The signified of illegality can switch between the evidence-collecting behavior and the evidence. The components of illegality including procedure illegality and substantial illegality, the proportion relation between them affects the application range, the processing mode and the important document of exclusionary rule. The illegality can be divided into four layers based on serious degree. China＇s exclusionary rule mainly targets illegality that enough to case the false evidence,inadmissible evidence or undetermined evidence. Based on different the levels of illegality, the exclusionary rule can be divided into absolute exclusionary rule and relative exclusionary rule. The components of illegality showing a tendency from procedure-based to substantial-based.