1950-2011年黄河干流水沙关系变化研究

Relationship between runoff and sediment discharge in the main channel of Yellow River from 1950 to 2011

采用黄河干流主要控制水文站唐乃亥、兰州、头道拐、龙门、潼关、花园口、高村、艾山和利津站的实测径流量和输沙量资料,借助Mann-Kendall趋势检验法、双累积曲线法和Pearson相关分析等方法,探讨50余年来黄河流域不同时段、不同河段水沙关系的变化特征。结果表明:唐乃亥站径流量和输沙量无长期变化趋势,黄河干流自兰州以下各站年径流量和年输沙量均表现出显著下降趋势。借助花园口站实测径流量与输沙量双累积曲线知,2000-2011年无降水影响时的累积减沙量为61.602亿t。径流量和输沙量呈正相关关系,沿程各站相关系数r∈(0.512,0.664),不同年代水沙关联性有较大差别。黄河上中下游之间径流量、输沙量均呈现显著正相关,其相关系数分别为r∈(0.725,0.904)、r∈(0.887,0.918)。不同年代中游来水来沙量对下游径流量和输沙量的贡献率存在较大差异,在2000-2009年达到最小值。

Variations of runoff and sediment discharge dependencies were analyzed based on the annual data of runoff and sediment discharge recorded at the main hydrologic stations in the Yellow River. The results show that the runoff and sediment discharge show a significant decreasing trend at main hydrological stations in Yellow River with the exception of the Tangnaihai station. The accumulation amount of sediment reduction is 61. 602 x 10st from 2000 to 2011, estimated by runoff-sediment double mass curve of Huayuankou station. There is a positive correlation between runoff and sediment discharge, with the correlation coefficients from 0. 512 to 0. 664. The correlation coefficient between runoff and sediment changes obviously in different dec- ades. The runoff between the upper, middle and lower reaches of Yellow River have significantly positive cor- relation, and the correlation coefficient ranges from 0. 725 to 0. 904. Meanwhile the sediment discharge shows the similar variation characteristics, but the correlation coefficient ranges from 0. 887 to 0. 918. The proportion of runoff and sediment of the upstream to downstream have bigger difference between different decades, and the minimum value appeared during from 2000 to 2009.