妊娠期妇女骨密度的研究进展

Research progress of bone mineral density in pregnant women

骨密度是目前诊断骨质疏松症的金指标。随着老龄化进程的加速,骨质疏松症已渐渐成为全世界关注的公共卫生问题。通过查阅国内外有关妊娠期妇女骨密度的相关文献报道,就妊娠期妇女骨密度的测量方法、骨密度的变化、影响其变化的因素以及骨密度下降和骨质疏松症的预防做一简要综述。总体而言,超声骨密度测量法安全可靠,成为目前妊娠期妇女监测骨密度变化的重要方法;妊娠期存在着不同程度的骨密度减低,且随着孕周的增加骨密度明显下降,到孕晚期骨密度下降最明显;身体多个部位存在着骨密度的下降。妊娠期骨密度的变化主要与钙、激素、光照等因素有关;为此建议妊娠期妇女积极进行骨密度监测,及时合理补钙、调整饮食结构、适量户外活动、养成良好习惯。

Bone mineral density （BMD） is the gold standard for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. With the acceleration of aging process, osteoporosis has become a public health problem. Based on domestic and foreign related reports, this article briefly reviews the measurement methods of BMD, the changes of BMD, and the influencing factors and the prevention of osteoporosis in pregnant women. In general, ultrasonic measurements are safe and reliable, which have become the important methods of monitoring the changes of BMD during pregnancy at present. There are different degrees of BMD decrease during pregnancy, and BMD significantly decreases with the increase of gestational age. The most serious period is at the late pregnancy. BMD of many parts in the body decreases, which are mainly related to calcium, hormone, sunshine, and other factors. Therefore, it is recommended for pregnant women to monitor BMD positively, to supplement calcium timely and rationally, to adjust the diet structure, to do outdoor activities, and to develop good habits.