广东省2006-2010年国家级土源性线虫病监测点监测情况分析

Analysis on the monitoring results of a national-level soil-transmitted nematodiasis monitoring site in Guangdong province in 2006-2010

目的掌握广东省土源性线虫病流行动态及影响因素,为今后制定有效防治对策提供依据。方法按《全国土源性线虫病监测方案》要求,于2006-2010年在高州市长坡镇旧城村连续5年开展监测,采用改良加藤厚涂片法进行病原学检查,每年不少于1 000人,计算蛔虫、鞭虫、钩虫感染率,12周岁以下儿童加做透明胶纸肛拭法查蛲虫卵。结果 2006-2010年累计调查5 125人,平均感染率为19.14%,蛔虫、鞭虫、钩虫和儿童蛲虫感染率分别为0.78%、0.60%、11.90%和51.91%,儿童蛲虫感染率明显高于其他虫种,差异有统计学意义(χ2=3 035.10,P<0.01);各年度土源性线虫感染率分别为11.29%、20.07%、22.55%、15.63%、26.03%,有逐年升高趋势(χ2=94.29,P<0.01)。检测不同环境土壤200份,人蛔虫卵阳性39份,阳性率为19.50%。结论广东省高州市土源性线虫病人群平均感染率有上升趋势,以高年龄组感染钩虫和低年龄组感染蛲虫为主,蛔虫和鞭虫感染率处于较低水平。不同环境土壤受到不同程度人粪污染。

Objective To know about the epidemic dynamic and influencing factors of soil-transmitted nematodiasis in Guangdong province, and provide basis for making the effective control countermeasure in future. Methods According to the Monitoring Scheme of the Whole Country Soil-transmitted Nematodiasis, 5 years＇ consecutive monitoring was carried out during 2006-2010 in Jiueheng village of Changpo town, Gaozhou city. Etiological examination was done by the Kato-Katz method for not less than 1 000 persons each year, the infection rates of ascaris,whipworm and hookworm were calculated, and pinworm eggs were additionally examined by cellophane tape method for children under 12. Results Accumulatively 5 125 persons were surveyed during 2006-2010, with a mean infection rate of 19.14%. The infection rates of ascaris, whipworm, hookworm and pinworm for children were 0.78%, 0.60%, 11.90% and 51.91%, respectively. The pinworm infection rate of children were obviously higher than the infection rates of other worm species and the difference between infection rates of different worm species had statistical meaning （x^2=3 035.10,P〈0.01）. The infection rates of soiltransmitted nematodiasis for each year were 11.29%, 20.07%, 22.55%, 15.63% and 26.03%, respectively, with an increasing trend year by year （x^2=94.29,P〈0.01）. 200 soil samples with different environmental conditions were examined and 39 ones were found human ascaris positive, with a positive rate of 19.50%. Conclusions The mean population infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodiasis in Gaozhou city, Guangdong province, showed an increasing trend. The main worm species of infection was hookworm for older age groups and pinworm for younger age groups, and the infection rates of ascaris and whipworm were at low levels. The soil environments of different areas were polluted by human feces in different degrees.