兰属植物种间杂交亲和性研究

Studies on Cross-compatibility of Interspecific Cross in Cymbidium

以10个中国兰品种和8个大花蕙兰品种为材料开展了兰属植物间的杂交试验,比较不同组合的杂交亲和性。结果表明:(1)54个杂交组合,共授粉582朵,获得杂交果实131个,平均结实率为22.51%;中国兰与大花蕙兰正交结实率(23.19%)高于反交结实率(9.27%)。(2)墨兰与大花蕙兰无论正交或反交均可获得较高的结实率,其亲和性高于春兰、建兰与大花蕙兰杂交的亲和性。(3)中国兰种间杂交亲和性较高,3类组合结实率均大于30%,但不同品种间杂交亲和性不一,春兰‘绿萼’,墨兰‘企黑’、‘白墨’,建兰‘金荷’,大花蕙兰‘黄金岁月’比较适宜做母本;春兰‘大富贵’,墨兰‘富贵’、‘白墨’,大花蕙兰‘月影’、‘日本绿’和‘黑珍珠’比较适宜做父本。

Hybridization in Cymbidium species was carried out between 10 varieties of Chinese orchid and 8 varieties of C.hybridum.The compatible index was calculated in different interspecific crosses.The results showed that：（1）The experiment designed 54 hybrid combinations,582 flowers were pollinated and 131 hybrid capsules were obtained,the average seed setting rate was 22.51％.The seed setting rate of cross between Chinese orchid×C,hybridum was 23.19％,which was higher than that of cross between C.hybridum× Chinese orchid（9.27 ％）.（2）The cross compatibility between C.sinense and C.hybridum was higher than that of between C.goeringii or C.ensifolium and C.hybridum.（3）There were higher incompatibilities between the Chinese orchid,and the seed setting rates of cross of three kinds of combinations were greater than 30％.The cross incompatibility was different between different varieties that ‘Lü＇e’,‘Qihei’,‘ Baimo ’,‘ Jinhe ’ and ‘ Crescent ’ were suitable for female parent,‘ Dafugui ’,‘ Fugui ’,‘ Baimo ’,‘ Moon Shadow’ and ‘Black Pearl’were suitable for male parent.