摘要
书院是中国古代士人为了满足自身日益增长的文化教育需求,整合传统的官学、私学以及佛道宗教教育制度的长处,创造并日渐完善的一种全新的既与官学、私学相联系,又独立于官学与私学的独特的学校制度。自唐宋尤其是宋代以降,它和官学、私学,以鼎立之势支撑着中国古代社会的文化教育事业,并促进其繁荣和发展。近代,它又以开放之势接纳西方学校制度与先进的科技知识,成为连接古代与近现代教育的桥梁,几乎独立承担起贯通中国教育血脉的重任。千余年来,书院文化为中国教育、学术、文化、出版、藏书等事业的发展,对民俗风情的培植,国民思维习惯、伦常观念的养成等做出了重大贡献。
Academies,as cultural educational institutions for Chinese ancient intellectuals to accumulate culture,and to carry out the study,creation and dissemination of culture,originated from ancient studies for private learners and Yamen.the ancient local government office,in which classics and records are collected.Academies were established from Tang Dynasty,and after thousands of years of Song,Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties,there have been at least 7,500 academies in all provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions) except Tibet.Academies made great contributions to the development of education,academy,culture,publication and book collection.Due contributions were also made to the cultivation of folk customs and the fostering of citizen's thinking habits and ethics concept.Since Ming Dynasty,academies were introduced abroad,which played an important role in the development of local culture and the dissemination of Chinese civilization.Since modern times,academy bridged Chinese and Western cultures.Thanks to an imperial edict issued by Qing Emperor Guangxu in 1901,all academies were transformed into three levels-large,medium,and small academies.The transformation made ancient academies step into modern era,which linked up the system of Chinese cultural education.
出处
《中国文化遗产》
2014年第4期10-21,共12页
China Cultural Heritage
