新型敏化气泡载体对乳化炸药爆炸威力及减敏性的影响

Effects of new type of chemical bubbles carriers on emulsion explosive explosion power and anti-pressure ability

针对NaNO2敏化的传统乳化炸药存在的爆炸威力低和压力减敏问题,研制出了MgH2型储氢乳化炸药。该炸药使用储氢材料MgH2敏化,MgH2在乳化炸药中起到了敏化剂和含能材料的双重作用。在炸药爆炸过程中MgH2参与爆轰反应,提高了乳化炸药的爆炸威力;当炸药受到外界压力作用时,MgH2受压会释放出H2,从而减弱敏化作用的破坏。水下爆炸和冲击波动压作用实验结果表明:与传统NaNO2型乳化炸药相比,MgH2型储氢乳化炸药具有优异的爆轰性能和抗压力减敏能力。最后,通过扫描电镜研究2种乳化炸药受压前后微观结构的变化,探讨MgH2型储氢乳化炸药抗压力减敏机理。

Traditional emulsion explosives sensitized by NaNO2 has a low explosion power, and it is sensitive to external pressure which causes its explosion power decreased. In order to improve detonation performances of emulsion explo- sives, the hydrogen composite emulsion explosive was produced. The hydrogen composite emulsion was sensitized by MgH2, and MgH2 powders participated in the detonation process, so the explosion power increased ; when the emulsion suffered from the external pressure, the unreacted MgH2 powders would be decomposed to reduce the damage of sensi- tization bubbles. Through shockwave producing device and underwater explosion experiments, the effects of chemical sensitizers MgI-I2 and NaNO2 on emulsion explosives property were studied. Compared with emulsion explosives sensi- tized by NaNO2, emulsion explosive sensitized by MgH2 presents much smaller desensitized ratio and stronger explosion power. Finally,with the help of scanning electron microscope, the microstructures of emulsion explosives were studied, pressure desensitization mechanisms of two emulsion explosives sensitized by chemical bubbles were discussed.