消极自由与社会自由之辩——以赛亚·伯林与黑格尔的自由概念之比较

Dispute between negative freedom and social freedom

以赛亚·伯林和黑格尔是不同时代的重要思想家,他们对作为政治哲学核心概念之一的"自由"都有着自己重要的阐释。以赛亚·伯林对自由做了著名的两种区分——消极自由与积极自由,这种区分和阐释在学术界产生了很大反响并被普遍接受;黑格尔则认为精神的本质就是自由,并从形而上的角度区分和阐释了三种自由:消极自由、积极自由和社会自由。两者在出发点和阐释方法等方面都有着重大的分歧。

Isaiah Berlin and Hegel are both important thinkers in different times. They have their own important interpretation to ＂ freedom＂ which is one of the core concepts of political philosophy. Isaiah Berlin made a famous distinction on the freedom - negative freedom and positive freedom, his distinction and interpretation had a huge response in academic world with being generally accepted; while Hegel believed that freedom is the essence of spirit and distinguished three kinds of freedom from metaphysical view： negative free- dom, positive freedom and social freedom. There are many staring point and explanation method. significant differences and disagreements in their