茄科蔬菜轮作对高发枯萎病蕉园土壤可培养微生物的影响

Effects of Different Solanaceae Crop Rotations on the Soil Culturable Microbes in an Orchard with Serious Fusarium wilt Disease

采用盆栽试验结合传统的土壤微生物多样性研究方法,探讨了不同茄科蔬菜轮作对高发枯萎病蕉园土壤中可培养细菌、放线菌、真菌和尖孢镰刀菌数量的影响。结果表明:香蕉连作后,土壤中真菌和尖孢镰刀菌数量显著增加,分别为连作前的16.53和1.92倍;与香蕉连作相比,辣椒和茄子轮作后,土壤中细菌数量分别显著增加了5.02和2.82倍,真菌分别显著降低了96.31%和98.42%,尖孢镰刀菌数量分别显著降低了87.84%和81.36%,但对放线菌数量的变化影响不显著;与香蕉连作相比,辣椒和茄子轮作显著提高了土壤中的放线菌/真菌[Actinomycetes/fungi(A/F)]和细菌/真菌[Bacteria/fungi(B/F)]值,且均显著增加了土壤中具有拮抗香蕉枯萎病病原菌功能的芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌的数量。

A pot experiment was performed to investigate the effect of crop rotation with different Solanaceae cultivars on the number of culturable rhizosphere bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and Fusarium oxysporum in the soil collected from an orchard with serious fusarium wilt disease. Results showed that after banana continuous cropping the number of culturable rhizosphere F. oxysporum and fungi significantly increased, the values of which at the end of the pot experiment was 16.53 and 1.92 times compared to before planting. After crop rotation with pepper and eggplant, compared to before planting, the number of culturable rhizosphere bacteria increased by 5.02 and 2.82 times, while the number significantly decreased by 96.31% and 98.42% for fungi and by 87.84% and 81.36% for F. oxysporum, respectively, however, no significant difference of the number of actinomycetes was observed. Compared with banana continuous cropping, crop rotation with pepper and eggplant significantly improved the soil Actylomyces/Fungi and Bacteria/Fungi values, and increased the number of antagonistic Pseudomonas and Bacillus species.