SH系矮砧苹果园节水灌溉比较

Comparison on Water-saving Irrigation in Dwarf Rootstock Orchard with SH Series Apple

为了研究出一套适宜山西省自然条件的SH系苹果矮砧果园配套栽培技术模式,结合SH系矮化砧木特性,借鉴国内M26苹果矮砧集约高效栽培模式、乔砧果园节水灌溉方式,对矮砧苹果园进行了大水漫灌、起垄覆膜小沟灌溉、生物基质覆盖、树下生草覆盖4种方式的灌溉处理,调查与测定了4种灌溉处理方式下果园的树体灌溉量、树体枝量生长及枝类组成、树体叶片生长情况、树体叶片叶绿素含量、果实品质。结果表明:对矮砧‘红富士’苹果园进行起垄覆膜小沟灌溉方式处理后,灌溉费用较少,树体枝条结构比例较好,100片叶的干重、厚度、面积、叶绿素含量都好于其他处理,经济效益较高,果园产量高,果实品质较好。因此,起垄覆膜小沟灌溉方式较适宜山西省气候、立地等条件。

The study aims to find suitable culture technique mode for dwarf rootstock orchard for SH series apple in Shanxi. Considering the characteristics of dwarf rootstock for SH series of apple, the study used intensive and highly-efficient culture technique mode of M26 apple dwarf rootstock and water-saving irrigation method of standard rootstock orchard as the reference, investigated and determined the tree irrigation amount, the branch quantities and composition of branches, the growth of tree leaf, the chlorophyll content of tree leaf, the fruit quality in apple orchard with dwarf rootstock under 4 methods, including broad irrigation, furrow irrigation under covered ridge with ridge forming, biological matrix cover and grass cover under tree. The result showed that after ＇Hongfushi＇ apple orchard with dwarf rootstock was irrigated by furrow irrigation under covered ridge with ridge forming, the cost could be cut, structure of tree branches was good and economic benefits and high quality could be obtained. Furthermore, with furrow irrigation under covered ridge with ridge forming, dry weight, thickness, area, chlorophyll content of 100 leaves and output of the orchard were higher than that under other treatments, therefore this mode could be regarded as a more suitable one to climate and site type of Shanxi.