湖北省2004-2013年食物中毒流行特点研究

Epidemiological analysis on food poisoning in Hubei (2004-2013)

目的探索符合湖北省特点的有效食物中毒防治措施。方法对湖北省2004年1月至2013年12月食物中毒发生情况进行统计分析。结果过去10年湖北省共网络监测食物中毒129起,中毒2 926人,死亡90人。第三季度(7、8、9月)为食物中毒高发季度。15个市州中,食物中毒标化发病率最高的为黄石市(20.05/10万),其次为十堰市(11.46/10万)和咸宁市(11.33/10万),病死率居前3位的分别为恩施州(30.61%)、鄂州市(18.75%)和仙桃市(7.55%)。食物中毒发生原因前3位的分别是原料污染或变质、原因不明及误食误服,分别占总报告起数的34.11%、24.03%、22.48%。结论近10年来,湖北省食物中毒发生总体变化趋势不明显,但每年第三季度高发。食物中毒人数构成比最高的为微生物性食物中毒,中毒原因多为交叉污染或者食物储存不当;食物中毒病死率最高的为有毒动植物引起的食物中毒,中毒原因多为误食或者加工不当。

Objective To explore effective measures to reduce food poisoning cases in Hubei. Methods A total of2006 food poisoning cases in Hubei from Jan, 2004 to Dec, 2013 were collected and analyzed. Results Over the past10 years a total of 129 food poisoning cases were reported by network monitoring in Hubei, 2 926 victims with 90 deaths.The high risk month of food poisoning was in the third quarter （July, August, September）. Among the 15 cities/prefectures, the highest food poisoning standardized incidence rate was in Huangshi city （20. 05/lakh）, followed by Shiyancity（11.46/lakh） and Xianning city （ 11.33/1akh）, the mortality rate in the top three cities were Enshi city （30.61%）,Ezhou city （18.75%） and Xiantao city （7.55%）. The top three causes of food poisoning were： the comamination of rawmaterial or deterioration （34. 11%）, causes unknown （24.03%） and diet mistaken （22.48%）. Conclusions Ingeneral, it showed no obvious trends of food poisoning in recent 10 years in Hubei. The high risk period occurred in thethird quarter. The constituent ratio of the number of patients of food poisoning was microbial food poisoning. Mainly causedby cross-contamination between raw and cooked food. The highest mortality rate was caused by the toxic animal and plantfood poisoning, mainly caused by eating poisonous substances or improperly processed food.