浅析俄国历史上哥萨克扮演的四种角色

Analysis of the Cossack's Four Roles in Russian History

在俄国历史上,哥萨克人英勇善战,在多次战争中奋力抵御外来侵略者,是国家领土的保卫者;哥萨克人是具有冒险天赋的领土开拓者,为俄国新土地的开辟作出了巨大的贡献;哥萨克人敢于为自由向强权发起挑战,是俄国历史上多次农民起义的主力军。此外,哥萨克军团在对外领土扩张的过程中也曾给所占领领土上的居民带来过毁灭性的灾难,所以他们还扮演了侵略者的角色。文章试从开拓者、保卫者、起义者、侵略者四个方面对哥萨克扮演的历史角色进行分析,以期对哥萨克的历史作用有一个全面的认识。

In Russian history, the Cossacks are warriors who defend against foreign raiders in several wars and they are protectors of the lands. The Cossacks are adventurous explorers of new lands and they make a significant contribution to Russian＇ s exploration of new lands. The Cossacks are the main force of previous large-scale peasant uprisings in Russian history and challenge the Russian Empire in order to gain freedom. Moreover, the foreign territorial expansion of the Cossack army once brought terrible disaster to the local residents. From this point of view,the Cossacks play a role of invader. This article deals with the Cossacks＇ historical roles from four aspects：explorer, protector, revolter and invader. And it aims to form an all round and proper understanding of the Cossacks＇ historical effects.