云南农田土壤常量及微量元素含量的测定研究

Study on the Major and Trace Elements in Soil of Yunnan Farmland

为了对云南农田土壤常量与微量元素进行科学有效地管理,并为农作物合理施肥提供依据,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定云南14个地方农田土壤常量及微量元素(P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn)的含量,并对土壤中常量及微量元素含量的状况与分布进行了研究。结果表明:云南农田土壤中速效P、K元素处于平衡,速效Ca、Mg亏缺,速效Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn等微量元素盈余。在不同地貌下,土壤常量及微量元素分布有明显的差异,滇中红色高原土壤的速效态微量元素(Fe、Zn、Mn)的含量明显高于滇东喀斯特高原和滇西横断山脉;速效P、K、Ca的含量从西至东有逐渐下降的趋势;而速效Cu的含量则从西到东有逐渐上升的趋势。研究结果对于农田土壤元素测定及农业生产具有一定的参考价值。

In order to investigate the distribution of soil available micronutrients, and provide a theory basis for management of fertilizing reasonably on crops. The contents of major and trace elements （P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn） in farmland soil collected from Yunnan Province were determined by inductively coupled plasma- mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）, the contents and distribution of major and trace elements were also studied. The results showed that： the contents of available P, K were balance, available Ca, Mg were deficient, available Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn were very plentiful. Major and trace dements distribution of different landform areas were obvious differences. The contents of trace elements （Fe, Zn, Mn） of central Yunnan Red Plateau were significantly higher than those of Hengduan Mountains in western Yunnan and those of karst plateau in eastern Yunnan. The contents of available P, K, Ca gradually declined from west to east, while the content of available Cu rose gradually from west to east. The results were beneficial to elements determination and agricultural production in farmland sails.