氮肥运筹对水稻养分累积特性的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Management Practices on Rice Nutrition Accumulation

为了实现作物产量和氮肥效率的协调提高,以辽星1号为研究对象,通过田间试验分析了不同生长发育阶段氮肥运筹模式对水稻干物质量及NPK养分累积的影响。结果表明,施氮明显提高了水稻干物质及NPK的累积量及累积速率,且这种影响越到生育后期越大。随着生育期推进,水稻干物质及NPK的累积量均增加。干物质及N累积量的增加幅度在拔节期-乳熟期期间较大,而PK累积量的增加幅度在乳熟期以前较大。表明生育中前期是水稻吸PK的关键时期,生育中后期是吸收N和干物质累积的关键时期。综合考虑籽粒产量、氮肥效率和养分累积特性,N 210 kg/hm2后移施用(40%基肥+40%分蘖肥+20%穗肥)为试验条件下的最佳氮肥运筹模式。

To synergistically increase crop yield and fertilizer nitrogen（N） efficiency, a field experiment wasconducted to study effects of N application on dry matter accumulation and nutrients accumulation at differentgrowing stages with Liaoxing 1 as the tested objective. The results showed that N application significantlyincreased rice dry matter and N, phosphorous（P） and potassium（K） accumulation and their accumulation rate,especially at the late growing stage. With rice growing, dry matter and N, P and K accumulation all increased,the accumulation rate was obviously high between jointing stage and milk stage for dry matter and N, while theincreasing rate of P and K rose before milk stage, indicating that early growing stage was the key period for Pand K uptake by rice, and late growing stage was the key period for N uptake and dry matter accumulation. Inview of grain yield, fertilizer N efficiency and nutrients accumulation characteristics, N postponed applicationat the rate of 210 kg/hm2（40%base fertilizer ＋ 40% tillering fertilize r＋ 20% heading fertilizer） is the optimal Napplication strategy.