人为灾害的经济评析——以技术灾害为视角

The Economic Analysis on Man-made Disasters—From the Perspective of Technological Disasters

人为灾害与自然灾害相对,是因人为致灾因子或相关主体脆弱性而引发的灾害。技术灾害是人为灾害主要形式之一。技术灾害的研究经历了从注重相关主体脆弱性(即灾害原因)到构建相关主体韧性(即应灾措施)的两个阶段。从经济学角度分析,人类需求与技术选择是技术灾害发生的根源;而企业经济利益动机则是导致技术灾害的主要人为原因。除此之外,经济集聚效应和贫困也是影响技术灾害风险的重要因素。"树立科学经济发展观、构建相关主体韧性"是减灾的基本策略。

Compared with natural disasters, man-made disasters are those, which are induced by man-made hazards or the related institutions’ vulnerabilities. Technological disasters are one of the main forms of man-made disasters. The study on technological disasters has experienced two stages, from focusing on the relevant institutions’ vulnerabilities （reasons of di-sasters） to constructing the relevant institutions’ resilience （measures to respond to disasters） . From an economic perspec-tive, Human needs and technology choice are the root causes of technological disasters, and the corporate economic motiva-tion is the main man-made disasters inducement of technological disasters. In addition,economic agglomeration effect and pov-erty are also the important factors related to the risk of technological disasters. The basic strategy for disaster reduction is to es-tablish the scientific outlook of economic development and build the relevant institutions’resilience.